In the hundred years history of speaker development, material selection, craftsmanship and structure have been changing different materials and qualities to create different sound characteristics, and also have their own advantages and disadvantages. At present, the popular speaker diaphragm materials are cone, plastic, metal and synthetic fiber four.

1, cone paper cone

Diaphragm diaphragm appears the earliest time, but also the most common speaker diaphragm material, now has a very mature technical level. The production process is roughly as follows, the pulp into the mold design, drying and then a series of subsequent processing. Specific material composition, proportion, processing methods, each brand has its own different, belong to their trade secrets.

The sound characteristics of this diaphragm smooth and natural, few distinctive stimulus, in line with the tastes of most people. Diaphragm diaphragm due to the internal fibers intertwined, you can quickly absorb the transmission of sound energy, so the damping characteristics of the ideal. In addition, the cone also has the advantages of light weight, high energy conversion efficiency. The disadvantage is that the paper cone is more sensitive to temperature and humidity, significantly affected by the environment, may undergo irreversible deformation after several extreme environmental changes. However, as technology advances, the water repellency of the cone will get better and better.

2, plastic diaphragm

Also known as PP cone, generally made of polypropylene material, is also a common diaphragm material, its moisture-proof waterproof effect wins a lot of cone diaphragm, but will also be slightly affected. PP cone also has excellent damping characteristics, sense of hearing supple and natural, but relatively rigid general performance of high-frequency distortion prone.

Because it is a choral material, PP basin facilitates later improvement, such as on the basis of the existing, you can overcome some of the deficiencies to achieve the ideal state by adding other materials.

3, metal diaphragm

Metal diaphragm is generally made of aluminum or its alloy material, the distinctive sound characteristics, outstanding performance in dynamic and analytical power, can well control the distortion. However, the relatively weak damping characteristic of the metal diaphragm means that the metal sound is easily generated at high frequency (that is, the splinter broke at the high frequency end), but can be enhanced by applying special paint on the diaphragm surface. In addition, the metal diaphragm on the circuit have more design requirements, virtually increase the cost.

4, synthetic fiber diaphragm

The material of synthetic fiber diaphragm is transplanted from aviation military material, with light weight and high strength and rigidity. It has the characteristics of other kinds of material diaphragm. It is the high manufacturing cost, which is generally found in advanced loudspeakers. Damping characteristics of synthetic fiber diaphragm still need to be strengthened, can be achieved through the current sandwich or coating treatment.

In addition to the above four kinds of diaphragm, in addition to graphite fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, Bakelite and other materials speaker diaphragm, but the application is not much, rarely seen in the market.

In fact, the sound characteristics of different speakers, the diaphragm material have different requirements, tweeter and woofer diaphragm material is not the same.

Tweeter points hardball top, soft top and composite film dome top three categories.

Hard dome: aluminum alloy, titanium and other light metals as materials, with ultra-thin platinum alloy formed, the surface is made of chemical treatment, the sound bright and clear, with high resolution.

Soft dome: The use of silk soft membrane, soft and delicate tone, strong performance.

Composite membrane dome: the use of several materials composite diaphragm, such as the use of "silk Juan + aluminum film," the composite film. This tweeter both hard dome bright sound quality and resolving power, but also the natural silky soft silk top, structured sense of hearing.

At present, the common tweeter materials mainly titanium film, silk screen, pv film, multi-media speakers and more pv film and silk screen. It is generally believed that the latter's treble performance is superior to the former.

Made of bass unit material mainly cone, ceramic basin, bullet-proof cloth, wool basin, polypropylene and so on.

Paper basin: with rigidity and softness, high damping, easy to mix with other materials, etc., the natural thick sound, bass plump, but poor moisture resistance, manufacturing is difficult to control the consistency. Due to low cost, is widely used in multimedia speakers about 300 yuan.

Ceramic basin: the performance of the vocals and classical music is very delicate, bass transient good, full and powerful, dynamic performance, excellent bass, positioning accuracy. Suitable for the performance of the surging movie source appeal and shocking.

Bulletproof cloth basin (woven basin): a wider frequency response and lower distortion, can withstand greater power, can produce warm, natural IF and deep, sharp low frequency, good transient, play large dynamic music Excellent, you are the first choice for those who have serious scenes such as explosive scenes, intense fighting and other games, you can show the kind of cone or other general materials speakers can not match the magnificent momentum. The disadvantage is the complicated manufacturing process, high cost, poor performance when playing light music.

Wool fiber basin: Infiltration of wool fibers in the pulp made of a slightly softer texture, the performance of soft music is very good, pure and natural human voice, when listening to melodious music such as symphony, gives the immersive feeling. But poor bass performance is not suitable for rock and march.

PP basin: good consistency, low distortion, all aspects of performance are excellent, a wide range of applications, but the higher the price, mainly for high-end speakers.